Scotland England and the Wall: Arthur's Seat

Thursday, June 4, 2009

Arthur's Seat

Although the castle does predominate the city landscape you are always aware of the Salisbury Craigs and Arthur's seat. They are the remains 350 million year old volcano. The castle site on an old vent of that same geological feature..

Yesterday we walked up Radical Road which starts up the side of the craigs beginning near the Scottish Parliament buildings. It was built up the side of the Salisbury Craigs by unemployed weavers as a job creation project 1n the 1820's.

It was a tough climb particularly at the start but what a view. We felt pretty good at our ability to walk up the steep trail until we were passed by a couple of locals who were running up.

It is all part of Holyrood Park established in the 1100's as a royal hunting ground.

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Hadrian's Wall Background

Hadrian's Wall was built following a visit by Roman Emperor Hadrian in 122 AD. He was quite concerned about raiders from the north. The Roman's were experiencing military difficulties in Britain and he was eager to impose order. He also most likely saw the building of such an impressive wall as a symbol of Roman power in occupied Britain. It was constructed to keep Roman Britain safe from hostile attacks from the Picts. It took somewhere between four to six years to complete.

It was the northernmost boundary of the Roman Empire at that time. The wall stretches from Newcastle, Wallsend-on-Tyne in the east to Bowness on the Solway Firth in the west.

The wall was 73 miles or 117 kilometres long, about 8 to10 feet wide, and 15 feet high. In addition to the wall, the Romans built a system of small forts called milecastles which housed by 60 men every Roman mile along its entire length, with smaller towers every 1/3 mile. Sixteen larger forts holding from 500 to 1000 troops were built into the wall, with large gates on the north face. To the south of the wall the Romans dug a wide ditch called a vallum with six foot high earth banks.

The width and height of Hadrian's Wall was dependent on whatever construction materials which were available nearby. East of River Irthing the wall was made from squared stone and measured 3 metres (9.7 ft) wide and five to six metres (16–20 ft) high, while west of the river the wall was made from turf and measured 6 metres (20 ft) wide and 3.5 metres (11.5 ft) high. This does not include the wall's ditches, berms and forts. The central section measured eight Roman feet wide (7.8 ft or 2.4 m) on a 10-foot (3.0 m) base. Some parts of this section of the wall survive to a height of 7 or 8 feet